We envision a future in which globally-minded leaders embrace diversity, pursue equity, and build inclusive cultures
CITC'S RESEARCH-BACKED MODEL
CITC's unique CI approach is an original, researched-based and validated model that helps individuals deepen self-awareness so they can navigate diverse cultural situations with more open-minded, intentional humanity.
Our work is data-informed and participant-validated.
Note: Although CITC has drawn from ideas from these texts and authors, we have no affiliation with them



CITC-AUTHORED RESEARCH
-
To Save Ourselves From Ourselves, We Must Be Culturally Intelligent
-
Increasing Cultural Responsiveness Among University Faculty through Cultural Intelligence Training
-
COMING SOON! The Culturally Intelligent Leader: A Guide for the Curious from Curious People Press
CURIOSITY | OPENNESS
-
Fernández-Aráoz, C., Roscoe, A. & Aramaki, K. (2018). From curious to competent.
-
Gino, F. (2018). The business case for curiosity.
-
Kashdan, T. B., et al. (2018). The Five-Dimensional Curiosity Scale: Capturing the bandwidth of curiosity and identifying four unique subgroups of curious people. Journal of Research in Personality, 73, 130-149
-
Loewenstein, G. (1994). The psychology of curiosity: A review and reinterpretation. Psychological Bulletin, 116(1), 75-98.
-
Center for Creative Leadership (2024). "Empathy in the Workplace: A Tool for Effective Leadership." Retrieved from https://www.ccl.org/articles/leading-effectively-articles/empathy-in-the-workplace-a-tool-for-effective-leadership/
-
Kock, N., Mayfield, M., Mayfield, J., Sexton, S., & De La Garza, L. M. (2019). "Empathetic Leadership: How Leader Emotional Support and Understanding Influences Follower Performance." Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1548051818806290
-
Rezanova, E. (2022). "Empathy in Leadership: How it Enhances Effectiveness." 80th International Scientific Conference on Economic and Social Development. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361952690_Empathy_in_Leadership_How_it_Enhances_Effectiveness
-
Holt, S., & Marques, J. (2012). "Empathy in Leadership: Appropriate or Misplaced? An Empirical Study on a Topic That is Asking for Attention." Journal of Business Ethics, 105, 95-105. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225160079_Empathy_in_Leadership_Appropriate_or_Misplaced_An_Empirical_Study_on_a_Topic_That_is_Asking_for_Attention
-
Kellett, J. B., Humphrey, R. H., & Sleeth, R. G. (2006). "Empathic emotion and leadership performance: An empirical analysis across 38 countries." The Leadership Quarterly. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S104898431100107X
-
Boston University (n.d.). "Empathy Is The Most Important Leadership Skill According To Research." Diversity & Inclusion Resource Toolkit. Retrieved from https://www.bu.edu/diversity/resource-toolkit/empathy-is-the-most-important-leadership-skill-according-to-research/
-
Haydner, L., & Jäger, S. (2024). "Empathy in leadership: a systematic literature review on the effects of empathetic leaders in organizations." Management Review Quarterly. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11301-024-00472-7
-
Ortiz, R. M., Rodríguez-Acensio, J., & Gámez-Pérez, K. M. (2022). "Emotional intelligence, leadership, and work teams: A hybrid literature review." PMC. Retrieved from https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10543214/
-
Castelli, P. A. (2013). "The impact of empathy on leadership effectiveness among business leaders in the United States and Malaysia." Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283721655_The_impact_of_empathy_on_leadership_effectiveness_among_business_leaders_in_the_United_States_and_Malaysia
-
CCL Research & Innovation Lab (n.d.). "Empathy in the Workplace A Tool for Effective Leadership." Retrieved from https://cclinnovation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/empathyintheworkplace.
EMPATHY | AWARENESS
-
Boston University (n.d.). "Empathy Is The Most Important Leadership Skill According To Research." Diversity & Inclusion Resource Toolkit. Retrieved from https://www.bu.edu/diversity/resource-toolkit/empathy-is-the-most-important-leadership-skill-according-to-research/
-
Castelli, P. A. (2013). "The impact of empathy on leadership effectiveness among business leaders in the United States and Malaysia." Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283721655_The_impact_of_empathy_on_leadership_effectiveness_among_business_leaders_in_the_United_States_and_Malaysia
-
CCL Research & Innovation Lab (n.d.). "Empathy in the Workplace A Tool for Effective Leadership." Retrieved from https://cclinnovation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/empathyintheworkplace.pdf
-
Center for Creative Leadership (2024). "Empathy in the Workplace: A Tool for Effective Leadership." Retrieved from https://www.ccl.org/articles/leading-effectively-articles/empathy-in-the-workplace-a-tool-for-effective-leadership/
-
Haydner, L., & Jäger, S. (2024). "Empathy in leadership: a systematic literature review on the effects of empathetic leaders in organizations." Management Review Quarterly. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11301-024-00472-7
-
Holt, S., & Marques, J. (2012). "Empathy in Leadership: Appropriate or Misplaced? An Empirical Study on a Topic That is Asking for Attention." Journal of Business Ethics, 105, 95-105. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225160079_Empathy_in_Leadership_Appropriate_or_Misplaced_An_Empirical_Study_on_a_Topic_That_is_Asking_for_Attention
-
Kellett, J. B., Humphrey, R. H., & Sleeth, R. G. (2006). "Empathic emotion and leadership performance: An empirical analysis across 38 countries." The Leadership Quarterly. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S104898431100107X
-
Kock, N., Mayfield, M., Mayfield, J., Sexton, S., & De La Garza, L. M. (2019). "Empathetic Leadership: How Leader Emotional Support and Understanding Influences Follower Performance." Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1548051818806290
-
Ortiz, R. M., Rodríguez-Acensio, J., & Gámez-Pérez, K. M. (2022). "Emotional intelligence, leadership, and work teams: A hybrid literature review." PMC. Retrieved from https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10543214/
-
Rezanova, E. (2022). "Empathy in Leadership: How it Enhances Effectiveness." 80th International Scientific Conference on Economic and Social Development. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361952690_Empathy_in_Leadership_How_it_Enhances_Effectiveness
-
Van Bommel, T. (2021). The power of empathy in times of crisis and beyond. Catalyst.
-
Wiseman, T. (2007). Toward a holistic conceptualization of empathy for nursing practice. Advances in Nursing Science, 30(3), E61-E72.
-
Young, C., Haffejee, B., & Corsun, D. (2018). Developing cultural intelligence and empathy through diversified mentoring relationships. Journal of Management Education, 42(3), 319-346.
COMPASSION | RESPONSIVENESS
-
Cherry, K. (2023). Compassion vs. empathy: What's the difference?
-
Dutton, J. E., Workman, K. M., & Hardin, A. E. (2014). "Compassion at Work." Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 277-304.
-
Frost, P. J. (2003). Toxic Emotions at Work: How Compassionate Managers Handle Pain and Conflict. Harvard Business School Press.
-
Gilbert, P. (2009). The Compassionate Mind: A New Approach to Life's Challenges. New Harbinger Publications.
-
Greater Good Science Center (2022). What is compassion; Why practice compassion; Howto cultivate compassion
-
Jinpa, T. (2015). A Fearless Heart: How the Courage to Be Compassionate Can Transform Our Lives. Hudson Street Press.
-
Li, M., & Zhang, P. (2016). "The Impact of Compassionate Leadership on Employee Performance: A Meta-analytic Review." Leadership Quarterly, 27(5), 634-650.
-
Seppälä, E. (2015). Why compassion is a better managerial tactic than toughness. Harvard
Business Review. -
Tepper, B. J., & Taylor, E. C. (2020). "Compassion at Work: A Review and Framework for Future Research." Journal of Management, 46(6), 1448-1478.
-
Worline, M. C., & Dutton, J. E. (2017). Awakening Compassion at Work: The Quiet Power That Elevates People and Organizations. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
NEUROSCIENCE & INTEGRATION
-
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice-Hall.
-
Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. International Universities Press.
-
Davidson, R. J., & Begley, S. (2012). The Emotional Life of Your Brain: How Its Unique Patterns Affect the Way You Think, Feel, and Live - and How You Can Change Them. Hudson Street Press.
-
Hougaard, R., & Carter, J. (2018). The Mind of the Leader: How to Lead Yourself, Your People, and Your Organization for Extraordinary Results. Harvard Business Review Press.
-
Waldman, D. A., Balthazard, P. A., & Peterson, S. J. (2011). "Leadership and Neuroscience: Can We Revolutionize the Way That Inspirational Leaders Are Identified and Developed?" Academy of Management Perspectives, 25(1), 60-74.
ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP
-
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. Sage.
-
Boyatzis, R., & McKee, A. (2005). Resonant leadership: Renewing yourself and connecting with others through mindfulness, hope and compassion. Harvard Business School Press.
-
Cameron, K. S., & Quinn, R. E. (2011). Diagnosing and Changing Organizational Culture: Based on the Competing Values Framework (3rd ed.). Jossey-Bass.
-
Day, D. V., & Antonakis, J. (2012). The nature of leadership. SAGE Publications.
-
Dweck, C. S. (2006). Mindset: The new psychology of success. Random House.
-
Earley, P., & Ang, S. (2003). Cultural intelligence: Individual interactions across cultures. Stanford Business Books.
-
Gallo, A. (2023). What is psychological safety
-
House, R. J., Hanges, P. J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., & Gupta, V. (2004). Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies. Sage Publications.
-
Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, cognition, and personality, 9, 185–211.
-
Schein, E. H., & Schein, P. A. (2017). Organizational Culture and Leadership (5th ed.). Wiley.